2. Plant Operation

1. Process safety
   1. Process safety management OSHA 3132
   2. Management of change
2. Loss Prevention and layer of protection
   1. Layer of protection analysis (LOPA)
   2. Safety integrity level (SIL)
3. Risk assessment
   1. Hazard Identification
      • Process hazards
      • Operational hazards
      • Environmental hazards - noise, dust, etc.
   2. Risk Analysis of operations
      • Consequence& Probability analysis of failures
   3. Risk reduction
      • Minimise, substitute, simplify, moderate
   4. Residual Risk management
      • Critical system operating procedures
      • Safeguarding systems - alarms, trips & shutdowns
      • Emergency management when failures occur
   5. Quantitative& Qualitative Risk Assessment (QRA)
   6. Health Risk assessment (HRA)
   7. Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)
4. Fire and explosion
   1. NFPA 654 standard for the prevention of fire and dust explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids
   2. MS 1745:2004 fire detection and fire alarm systems
5. Toxicity
6. Hazard analysis
   1. HAZOP
      • Understanding HAZOP process
      • Continuous operations HAZOP
      • Sequential Operations HAZOP / Procedural HAZOP
      • Computerised Process System HAZOP
   2. Process hazard analysis NFPA 654
   3. IChemE Guide on HAZOP
7. Process control
   1. Process control diagram
   2. Relief design
8. Process design
   1. Hydraulic design
   2. Piping API 14E